Add expense type to category form and list

expenses_manager/expenses/forms.py

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class FuelEntryForm(forms.ModelForm):
 class CategoryForm(forms.ModelForm):
     class Meta:
         model = Category
-        fields = ["name", "parent"]
+        fields = ["name", "parent", "expense_type"]
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         user = kwargs.pop("user")

expenses_manager/expenses/migrations/0018_category_expense_type.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Generated by Django 5.2.10 on 2026-10-14 16:10
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('expenses', '0017_goal_linked_expenses_goal_linked_incomes_and_more'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AddField(
+            model_name='category',
+            name='expense_type',
+            field=models.CharField(blank=True, choices=[('fixed_essential', 'Fijo esencial'), ('fixed_discretionary', 'Fijo prescindible'), ('variable_essential', 'Variable esencial'), ('variable_discretionary', 'Variable prescindible')], help_text='Si lo dejas vacío, hereda el de la categoría padre.', max_length=30, verbose_name='Tipo de gasto'),
+        ),
+    ]

expenses_manager/expenses/models.py

@@ -10,6 +10,22 @@ from django.db.models.functions import ExtractMonth, Lower
 
 
 class Category(models.Model):
+    EXPENSE_TYPE_FIXED_ESSENTIAL = "fixed_essential"
+    EXPENSE_TYPE_FIXED_DISCRETIONARY = "fixed_discretionary"
+    EXPENSE_TYPE_VARIABLE_ESSENTIAL = "variable_essential"
+    EXPENSE_TYPE_VARIABLE_DISCRETIONARY = "variable_discretionary"
+
+    EXPENSE_TYPE_CHOICES = [
+        (EXPENSE_TYPE_FIXED_ESSENTIAL, "Fijo esencial"),
+        (EXPENSE_TYPE_FIXED_DISCRETIONARY, "Fijo prescindible"),
+        (EXPENSE_TYPE_VARIABLE_ESSENTIAL, "Variable esencial"),
+        (EXPENSE_TYPE_VARIABLE_DISCRETIONARY, "Variable prescindible"),
+    ]
+
+    # Saltos máximos al heredar el tipo de gasto. Los ciclos los impide
+    # CategoryForm, pero uno colado por shell o migración no debe colgar nada.
+    EXPENSE_TYPE_MAX_DEPTH = 10
+
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     slug = models.SlugField(blank=True)
 
@@ -32,6 +48,14 @@ class Category(models.Model):
         help_text="Categoría creada por la app (traspasos, comisiones). No borrable.",
     )
 
+    expense_type = models.CharField(
+        max_length=30,
+        choices=EXPENSE_TYPE_CHOICES,
+        blank=True,
+        verbose_name="Tipo de gasto",
+        help_text="Si lo dejas vacío, hereda el de la categoría padre.",
+    )
+
     class Meta:
         unique_together = ("name", "parent", "owner", "slug")
         verbose_name_plural = "categories"
@@ -63,6 +87,22 @@ class Category(models.Model):
 
         return list(seen) if include_self else [i for i in seen if i != self.pk]
 
+    @property
+    def effective_expense_type(self):
+        """Tipo de gasto propio o, si está vacío, el del ancestro más cercano
+        que lo tenga. Cadena vacía si nadie en la cadena lo tiene.
+
+        Cada salto lee self.parent: no lo uses por fila en un listado (N+1).
+        El listado de categorías lo resuelve en _category_tree."""
+        category = self
+        for _ in range(self.EXPENSE_TYPE_MAX_DEPTH):
+            if category is None:
+                return ""
+            if category.expense_type:
+                return category.expense_type
+            category = category.parent
+        return ""
+
 
 class Account(models.Model):
     owner = models.ForeignKey(

expenses_manager/expenses/templates/categories/list.html

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
             <thead>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Categoría</th>
+                    <th>Tipo de gasto</th>
                     <th>Gastos</th>
                     <th></th>
                 </tr>
@@ -36,6 +37,13 @@
                             <span class="badge badge-neutral">Del sistema</span>
                         {% endif %}
                     </td>
+                    <td>
+                        {% if row.expense_type_inherited %}
+                            <span class="muted">{{ row.expense_type_label }}{% if row.expense_type_label %} (heredado){% endif %}</span>
+                        {% else %}
+                            {{ row.expense_type_label }}
+                        {% endif %}
+                    </td>
                     <td>{{ row.category.expense_count }}</td>
                     <td class="table-actions">
                         <a href="{% url 'category_edit' row.category.id %}">Editar</a>
@@ -46,7 +54,7 @@
                 </tr>
                 {% empty %}
                 <tr>
-                    <td colspan="3" class="empty-state">
+                    <td colspan="4" class="empty-state">
                         <p>No hay categorías</p>
                     </td>
                 </tr>

expenses_manager/expenses/tests/test_categories.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import pytest
 from datetime import date
 from decimal import Decimal
 from django.contrib.messages import get_messages
+from django.db import connection
+from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext
 from django.urls import reverse
 from django.utils.text import slugify
 from expenses.models import Category, Expense
@@ -159,3 +161,110 @@ def test_category_list_counts_only_direct_expenses(auth_client, user, account):
         for row in response.context["category_rows"]
     }
     assert counts == {"Padre": 1, "Hija": 2}
+
+
+FIXED = Category.EXPENSE_TYPE_FIXED_ESSENTIAL
+VARIABLE = Category.EXPENSE_TYPE_VARIABLE_DISCRETIONARY
+
+
+def test_effective_expense_type_returns_own_value(user):
+    cat = Category.objects.create(name="Alquiler", owner=user, expense_type=FIXED)
+
+    assert cat.effective_expense_type == FIXED
+
+
+def test_effective_expense_type_inherits_from_grandparent(user):
+    grandparent = Category.objects.create(name="Casa", owner=user, expense_type=FIXED)
+    parent = Category.objects.create(name="Suministros", owner=user, parent=grandparent)
+    child = Category.objects.create(name="Luz", owner=user, parent=parent)
+
+    assert parent.effective_expense_type == FIXED
+    assert child.effective_expense_type == FIXED
+
+
+def test_effective_expense_type_own_value_wins_over_parent(user):
+    parent = Category.objects.create(name="Casa", owner=user, expense_type=FIXED)
+    child = Category.objects.create(name="Decoración", owner=user, parent=parent, expense_type=VARIABLE)
+
+    assert child.effective_expense_type == VARIABLE
+
+
+def test_effective_expense_type_empty_without_value_in_chain(user):
+    orphan = Category.objects.create(name="Suelta", owner=user)
+    parent = Category.objects.create(name="Padre", owner=user)
+    child = Category.objects.create(name="Hija", owner=user, parent=parent)
+
+    assert orphan.effective_expense_type == ""
+    assert child.effective_expense_type == ""
+
+
+def test_effective_expense_type_stops_on_cycle(user):
+    a = Category.objects.create(name="A", owner=user)
+    b = Category.objects.create(name="B", owner=user, parent=a)
+    # Ciclo colado saltándose CategoryForm, como podría pasar desde el shell.
+    Category.objects.filter(pk=a.pk).update(parent=b)
+    a.refresh_from_db()
+
+    assert a.effective_expense_type == ""
+
+
+def test_category_list_shows_own_and_inherited_expense_type(auth_client, user):
+    parent = Category.objects.create(name="Casa", owner=user, expense_type=FIXED)
+    child = Category.objects.create(name="Luz", owner=user, parent=parent)
+    Category.objects.create(name="Nieto", owner=user, parent=child, expense_type=VARIABLE)
+    Category.objects.create(name="Suelta", owner=user)
+
+    response = auth_client.get(reverse('category_list'))
+
+    rows = {
+        row["category"].name: (row["expense_type_label"], row["expense_type_inherited"])
+        for row in response.context["category_rows"]
+    }
+    assert rows == {
+        "Casa": ("Fijo esencial", False),
+        "Luz": ("Fijo esencial", True),
+        "Nieto": ("Variable prescindible", False),
+        "Suelta": ("", True),
+    }
+    assert "(heredado)" in response.content.decode()
+
+
+def _category_list_queries(client):
+    with CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as ctx:
+        client.get(reverse('category_list'))
+    return len(ctx.captured_queries)
+
+
+def test_category_list_query_count_does_not_grow_with_rows(auth_client, user):
+    root = Category.objects.create(name="Raíz", owner=user, expense_type=FIXED)
+    Category.objects.create(name="Hija", owner=user, parent=root)
+    baseline = _category_list_queries(auth_client)
+
+    parent = root
+    for i in range(5):
+        parent = Category.objects.create(name=f"Nivel {i}", owner=user, parent=parent)
+        Category.objects.create(name=f"Hoja {i}", owner=user, parent=parent)
+
+    assert _category_list_queries(auth_client) == baseline
+
+
+def test_categoryform_saves_expense_type(user):
+    form = CategoryForm(data={'name': 'Netflix', 'expense_type': Category.EXPENSE_TYPE_FIXED_DISCRETIONARY}, user=user)
+    assert form.is_valid(), form.errors
+    cat = form.save(commit=False)
+    cat.owner = user
+    cat.save()
+
+    cat.refresh_from_db()
+    assert cat.expense_type == Category.EXPENSE_TYPE_FIXED_DISCRETIONARY
+
+
+def test_categoryform_leaves_expense_type_empty_when_not_chosen(user):
+    form = CategoryForm(data={'name': 'Varios', 'expense_type': ''}, user=user)
+    assert form.is_valid(), form.errors
+    cat = form.save(commit=False)
+    cat.owner = user
+    cat.save()
+
+    cat.refresh_from_db()
+    assert cat.expense_type == ""

expenses_manager/expenses/views.py

@@ -125,21 +125,31 @@ def sub_months(year, month, n):
 
 def _category_tree(categories):
     """Aplana las categorías en preorden (padres antes que hijos, cada nivel
-    ordenado por nombre) junto con su profundidad, para poder indentarlas."""
+    ordenado por nombre) junto con su profundidad, para poder indentarlas.
+
+    También resuelve el tipo de gasto heredado bajando por el árbol ya
+    cargado, en vez de Category.effective_expense_type por fila (N+1)."""
     by_parent = {}
     for category in categories:
         by_parent.setdefault(category.parent_id, []).append(category)
     for children in by_parent.values():
         children.sort(key=lambda c: c.name.lower())
 
+    labels = dict(Category.EXPENSE_TYPE_CHOICES)
     rows = []
 
-    def walk(parent_id, depth):
+    def walk(parent_id, depth, parent_type):
         for category in by_parent.get(parent_id, []):
-            rows.append({"category": category, "depth": depth})
-            walk(category.id, depth + 1)
+            expense_type = category.expense_type or parent_type
+            rows.append({
+                "category": category,
+                "depth": depth,
+                "expense_type_label": labels.get(expense_type, ""),
+                "expense_type_inherited": not category.expense_type,
+            })
+            walk(category.id, depth + 1, expense_type)
 
-    walk(None, 0)
+    walk(None, 0, "")
     return rows